The reality of sex reassignment (Transgender) in the light of Islamic teachings Research and critical review

Abstract

This research critically examines the phenomenon of sex reassignment and transgender identity from an Islamic perspective, highlighting theological, legal, and moral dimensions. In recent years, gender identity debates have taken a central place in global discourse, influencing legislation even in Muslim-majority countries. This paper analyzes these developments through the lens of Islamic teachings, particularly the concept of fitrah (natural disposition), which affirms that Allah’s creation is perfect and immutable. The Qur’anic injunction “There is no change in the creation of Allah” (30:30) serves as a central theological foundation for the Islamic prohibition against altering one’s biological sex.Drawing upon primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and contemporary scholarly opinions, this study differentiates between intersex conditions—where corrective intervention may be permissible—and elective gender reassignment based on psychological or emotional grounds, which is impermissible. The research also addresses common secular arguments supporting gender reassignment—such as identity, freedom, and human rights—through a critical Islamic framework. It critiques modern legislation in countries like Pakistan that allow self-perceived gender identity, arguing that such policies conflict with Islamic law and risk undermining social and moral order.Furthermore, the study explores the spiritual and societal consequences of normalizing gender reassignment, including threats to the family structure, deviation from divine guidance, and the influence of Western ideologies through media. The paper concludes with recommendations emphasizing the role of scholars, religious education, policy reform, and counseling services to address gender confusion within an Islamic ethical framework.