Welcome to Scholar Insight Journal Scholar Insight Journal (HEC Pakistan, Y Category: 1st October 2024 – 31st December 2025) is a peer-reviewed, quarterly (4 issues per year) academic publication dedicated to advancing knowledge and critical understanding in the broad domain of Arts & Humanities (Miscellaneous). The journal provides a dynamic platform for rigorous scholarly inquiry, publishing original research across a diverse spectrum of disciplines including Sociology, Psychology, Arabic, Anthropology, Urdu, Political Science, English, Economics, Religious Studies, Education, Law, Languages, and related fields. At Scholar Insight Journal, we are committed to fostering intellectual exchange by encouraging innovative research methodologies and diverse theoretical frameworks. Our editorial board, comprising distinguished scholars and researchers from across the globe, upholds the highest standards of academic integrity, ensuring a transparent and robust double-blind peer review process. Open Access Policy Scholar Insight Journal is an open access journal. All articles are freely available to readers without subscription or paywall barriers. Copyright & Licensing Authors retain the copyright of their work. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Archiving & Preservation The journal ensures long-term digital preservation through LOCKSS, CLOCKSS, and PKP Preservation Network (PKP PN). Through our publications, we strive to: Disseminate cutting-edge research findings, Promote interdisciplinary dialogue, and Address contemporary challenges within the social sciences and humanities. Whether you are a seasoned academic, an early-career researcher, or a practitioner seeking deeper insights, Scholar Insight Journal invites you to engage with its wealth of knowledge and scholarly contributions. Join us in our mission to promote excellence in research and contribute meaningfully to the evolving landscape of Arts & Humanities. ISSN(Online): 3006-9785 ISSN(Print): 3007-245X
Authors retain the copyright of their work. All articles in Scholar Insight Journal are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits anyone to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, and to use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the author(s) or the publisher, provided proper attribution is given to the original work.
A Descriptive Analysis of Morpho-Semantic Features of Pothwari
This study explores the diversity of morpho-semantic features of genitive case markers in Pothwari, a regional language spoken in the north-central areas of Pakistan. The research highlights how possession is encoded in Pothwari and compares its structural patterns with those found in English, Urdu, and Punjabi. The primary data consists of oral literature, including anecdotes, folk tales, and poetic expressions that have been preserved through generations by local storytellers and folk singers. Since Pothwari has a predominantly oral tradition with limited written documentation, these sources provide valuable linguistic evidence for examining natural language use. The analysis focuses on the morpho-segmental behavior of possessive constructions, examining their form, function, and semantic relationships. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of Chomskyan linguistics, particularly structural and generative principles, the study identifies how genitive markers in Pothwari interact with noun phrases, reflect cultural patterns of ownership, and differ from genitive constructions in neighboring languages. The findings reveal that Pothwari genitive markers exhibit a rich range of morphological variations influenced by phonological environment, syntactic positioning, and semantic intent. This research contributes to the descriptive and comparative understanding of Pothwari and adds to broader discussions in South Asian linguistics by documenting a less-explored language and its unique possessive system. The study also emphasizes the importance of preserving oral linguistic traditions as essential resources for analyzing regional languages.
Copyright (c) 2024 Scholar Insight Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
De-centering the Human: A Close Reading of Nonhuman Agency in Elif Shafak’s The Island of Missing Trees
This research explores how Elif Shafak’s The Island of Missing Trees (2021) challenges human-centered perspectives by giving narrative consciousness to a fig tree. The study investigates how Shafak redefines storytelling through a dialogue between human and nonhuman life that turns the novel into a reflection on coexistence, empathy, and ecological awareness. The research examines how the novel builds meaning through the vitality of matter and the agency of the nonhuman world by deploying Rosi Braidotti’s post human philosophy and Serpil Oppermann’s framework of material Eco criticism. The fig tree is not a passive symbol but a conscious voice that remembers, feels, and communicates. Through close reading, the research uncovers how the text connects human trauma with environmental memory and shows that healing begins with recognizing the interdependence among all forms of life. The analysis reveals that empathy is presented as a shared ecological capacity that extends beyond human boundaries and becomes a foundation for ethical coexistence. This study contributes to post human and environmental literary discussions by showing how fiction can express new forms of consciousness and responsibility. The novel invites readers to imagine coexistence built on care, reciprocity, and respect for the entire living world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Scholar Insight Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trauma and Recovery in Young Adult Fiction: From “Soul Murder” to Psychological Healing in 13 Reasons Why and Speak
This article examines the representation of adolescent trauma and the complex process of recovery in Jay Asher’s 13 Reasons Why (2007) and Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak (1999). Drawing upon Leonard Shengold’s psychoanalytic concept of “soul murder” and Karen Duncan’s clinical model of the stages of healing, the study argues that the protagonists—Hannah Baker and Melinda Sordino—embody contrasting responses to trauma resulting from sexual assault and bullying. Shengold’s theory clarifies how abuse annihilates the victim’s sense of self, while Duncan’s model illuminates the conditions under which survivors may rebuild identity and agency. Through close textual analysis, the article demonstrates that Speak offers a narrative of reintegration made possible by internal resolve and external validation, whereas 13 Reasons Why depicts the destructive culmination of unacknowledged trauma. By situating these texts within contemporary literary trauma scholarship, the paper underscores the pedagogical and social significance of young-adult fiction as a medium for representing psychological suffering and modelling recovery. Ultimately, it contributes to literary trauma studies by foregrounding adolescence as a distinctive site where identity formation, victimization, and healing intersect.
Unstable Homes, Unstable Lives: A Psychogeographic Exploration of Gentrification in Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers
Spaces are never neutral; they actively shape an individual’s consciousness. In the wake of gentrification, these spaces become sites of exclusion, moral decay, and profound loss, where individuals struggle to maintain their sense of self amid shifting social and spatial orders. This article examines Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers (2019) through the intersecting lenses of Guy Debord’s concept of psychogeography and Sharon Zukin’s theory of gentrification to explore how urban spatial transformation in Lahore disrupts the psychological and moral integrity of the character(s). The study argues that gentrified spaces are not merely physical constructs but also psychogeographic forces that shape consciousness, manipulate desire, and erode individual agency. The research employs textual analysis, and looks into how Khan uses figurative language, spatial metaphors, visual motifs, and irony to depict the city as both seductive and alienating. Ali’s journey shows how gentrified spaces, built to serve the rich, lead the poor into confusion and loss. Drawn by false hopes of a better life, he becomes trapped in a city that controls his choices and slowly breaks down his sense of self. Moreover, this article argues that Khan’s portrayal of Lahore transforms the city into a symbolic landscape, where gentrification operates as psychological violence and leads to Ali’s tragic unravelling and eventual death.
Critical Analysis of Political Music Videos of Pakistan (2007-2021): A Socio-Cognitive Approach
This study examines the socio-cognitive procedures used in the creation of political music videos in Pakistan. The data spans fifteen years, from 2007 to 2021. According to this study, music videos are a new and potent weapon for creating political narratives in Pakistan using themes of integration and disintegration. These narratives are then used to pique the interest of the audience. The study’s qualitative analysis is based on in-depth interviews with singers, lyricists, and music video producers. Purposive sampling is used to select five respondents for the interviews. The themes are then gleaned from the respondents’ responses. Incorporating a theoretical framework into the interpretation of the findings is Rick Altman’s approach to film genre (1987). The results point to an increase in Altman’s philosophical outlook. Results also demonstrate that state-sponsored socially conscious themes predominate in Pakistani sociopolitical music videos.
Dr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal (Corresponding Author)
Meaning-Making in Urdu Advertisements and their English Translations: A Social Semiotic Perspective
This research describes meaning-making processes in the selected Urdu advertisement and its English translations by applying the Social semiotic theory. The research investigates the cultural and social factors that influence the production of ads. The study aims to contribute to understanding the linguistic and cultural dimensions of advertising and translation. The data comprises selected Urdu advertisement Surf Excel Ramazan. The descriptive method is applied to explore the meanings of multimodal text (ad) and its translation through the Lens of social semiotic theory by Halliday (1978). The study finds that the choice of language in advertising is a crucial and complex interaction of different semiotic resources that contribute to meanings in multimodal texts. Translation of multimodal text entails the knowledge of linguistic and semiotic resources.
AI Narrative Criticism: Reimagining Meaning, Power, and Storytelling in the Algorithmic Age
This article introduces AI Narrative Criticism as a critical methodology for interpreting stories about, by, and through artificial intelligence in the algorithmic age. It argues that AI systems no longer serve merely as tools of communication but operate as narrative apparatuses that generate, curate, and structure meaning across cultural, literary, and digital domains. Building on poststructuralist narratology, posthuman theory, and critical media studies, the paper outlines three analytic registers: (1) narratives about AI in cultural and policy discourse that project fantasies and anxieties; (2) narratives by AI, such as large language model outputs that demand reconceptualisations of authorship and textuality, and (3) narratives through AI, shaped by algorithmic recommendation systems that structure attention, perception, and affect. Through case studies ranging from speculative fiction and machine-generated writing to platform-curated feeds, the article demonstrates how machinic narrativity unsettles traditional assumptions of intention, coherence, and human-centered authorship. To engage these transformations, the paper proposes a framework for reading AI-mediated storytelling through four methodological coordinates; contextual mapping, discursive reading, aesthetic analysis, and ethical reflexivity. The study concludes that in the age of narrative automation, literary criticism must reinvent itself to confront the aesthetic, epistemic, and political implications of machine-mediated storytelling.
Investigating the Impact of Stylistic Amplification in Urdu Translation of Bapsi Sidhwa’s English Novel
This paper examines the aspect of stylistic amplification in the Urdu translation of The Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidhwa, translated by Umer Memon as Jungle Wala Sahib. The article draws upon the amplification strategy by Luisa Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir (2002), as well as Mona Baker’s theory of narrative in the study of how stylistic options influence the faithfulness of translation in literary work. Applying a comparative textual analysis of selected passages, the paper refers to several instances in which neutral or emotionally charged narrative devices in the original text are transformed into explicitly emotionally charged or ideology-laden expressions in the Urdu version. The results indicate that although amplification can be successfully used to improve readability and cultural relevance to the Urdu audience, it is likely to overemphasize the personalities of characters and the tone of the story, thereby altering the stylistic nature of the original work. The research will contribute to the broader discussion of the ethical questions surrounding translation and literary style, specifically how much or how little of the story a translator should alter to adapt it across languages and cultures.
Muhammad Javed Iqbal (Corresponding Author)
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in English Teachers’ Decision-Making: Implications for Effective Classroom Management
Emotional intelligence (EI) has gained recognition as a key factor in enhancing the effectiveness of both teaching and educational leadership. The ability of English teachers to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions—within themselves as well as among their students—has a profound impact on classroom interactions and professional choices. The present study explores the influence of emotional intelligence on teachers’ decision-making and its contribution to successful classroom management. It particularly focuses on how the major elements of EI, including self-awareness, empathy, emotional control, and social competence, shape teachers’ instructional planning, disciplinary strategies, and conflict resolution approaches. A quantitative research design was adopted, involving a sample of 120 secondary school teachers from public and private institutions. Data were collected using two standardized instruments: the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and the Teacher Decision-Making Inventory (TDMI). Statistical procedures, such as Pearson correlation and regression analysis, indicated a meaningful positive link between emotional intelligence and teachers’ decision-making effectiveness. The outcomes suggest that English teachers who exhibit stronger emotional intelligence tend to make more balanced, ethical, and student-centered decisions, resulting in improved classroom discipline and academic outcomes. These results highlight that emotional intelligence is not merely an individual characteristic but an essential professional attribute that strengthens the quality of education. Therefore , English teacher preparation and professional development programs should incorporate structured training in emotional intelligence to help educators develop reflective thinking, empathy, and emotional stability—qualities necessary for maintaining productive classrooms and making informed pedagogical decisions.
حدیثی ذخیرے میں صحیح ابن حبان کے منہج کی انفرادیت
Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn-e-Ḥibbān stands as a remarkable scholarly masterpiece within the rich tradition of ḥadīth literature. In this monumental work, Imam Ibn-e-Ḥibbān systematically compiled authentic narrations according to a distinctive methodological framework, formulated upon his own precise terms, classifications, and conditions. This unique arrangement not only demonstrates his intellectual independence but also mirrors the literary and methodological tendencies of his time. The compilation reveals the author’s exceptional ability to combine rigorous authenticity with structural innovation, presenting a new paradigm in ḥadīth organization that later scholars both admired and debated. Over the centuries, Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn-e-Ḥibbān has continued to draw the attention of scholars, researchers, and students of ḥadīth. Its scientific precision, linguistic excellence, and insightful commentary earned it a position of high esteem among the classical sources, to the extent that numerous scholars have chosen it as the focus of their academic research. Nevertheless, despite its profound scholarly merit and its rank comparable to certain works among the Ṣiḥāḥ-e-Sittah (the Six Canonical Collections), it has not received the widespread prominence it truly deserves. In the contemporary era, there remains a pressing need for renewed examination of this work—particularly concerning its methodological principles, arrangement, explanatory annotations, and supplementary discussions. The present study aims to highlight these essential aspects of Ibn Ḥibbān’s methodology and framework, employing both narrative and analytical approaches to shed light on his enduring intellectual legacy and its relevance to modern ḥadīth scholarship.
علم صوتیات کی روشنی میں ، احمد راہی کی "رگِ جاں" کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The present research, “An Analytical Study of Ahmad Rahi’s Rag-e-Jan in the Light of Phonetics,” explores the intricate relationship between sound and meaning in the poetic expression of Ahmad Rahi. As one of the most influential voices in modern Urdu and Punjabi poetry, Rahi’s Rag-e-Jan exhibits a unique harmony of emotional resonance and phonetic artistry. This study examines how phonetic features such as euphony, consonance, assonance, rhythm, and intonation contribute to the lyrical texture and emotional depth of his verse. Through a detailed phonetic analysis, the research seeks to uncover how Rahi’s sound patterns enrich the semantic layers of his poetry and reflect the cultural, emotional, and linguistic sensibilities of his era.Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of phonological stylistics and modern sound symbolism, the study investigates the interplay between phonetic structure and poetic meaning. Special attention is given to the ways in which Rahi employs auditory elements to express themes of love, nostalgia, pain, and existential reflection. His deliberate use of sound not only enhances musicality but also serves as a vehicle for emotional communication and aesthetic coherence.Ultimately, this research contributes to Urdu literary criticism by integrating linguistic and phonetic perspectives into the study of poetic form and function. It broadens the understanding of Ahmad Rahi’s poetic art as a symphony of sound and sentiment, where phonetic beauty becomes an essential element of his creative expression.
سرسید احمد خان کے اصولِ تفسیر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This research critically examines the interpretative principles of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), a prominent Muslim reformer and modernist thinker of the Indian subcontinent. His approach to Qur’anic exegesis was shaped by rationalism, modern science, and the intellectual challenges posed by colonialism and Christian missionary activities. Sir Syed emphasized the harmony between revelation and reason, maintaining that the Qur’an must be interpreted in light of natural laws and contemporary knowledge. In this framework, he rejected weak or irrational traditions, reinterpreted miracles as extraordinary but natural events, and advocated a contextual reading of Qur’anic verses. However, his rationalist methodology extended to the denial of the supernatural nature of miracles altogether, which marked a clear departure from traditional Islamic scholarship. Following his trajectory, some of his intellectual heirs went further toward rejecting hadith, creating a deeper rift with mainstream Muslim thought. Sir Syed has thus been regarded as the founder of the so-called Naturist School (Nachri Mazhab), wherein he, under the influence of Western scholarship, advanced interpretive strategies that distorted centuries-old Islamic traditions and interpretive continuity. While his contributions stimulated important debates about the compatibility of Islam and modernity, they also generated serious critiques from traditional scholars who viewed his project as undermining the integrity of classical Islamic heritage. This study evaluates both the strengths and limitations of Sir Syed’s hermeneutics, situating them within the wider discourse of Islamic modernism and its contested legacy in South Asian intellectual history.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Arif, Dr. Sher Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ambivalence and Mimicry: A Post-colonial Study of Hayford’s“Mista Courifer”
This study explores the concepts of ambivalence and mimicry in Adelaide Casely Hayford's short story Mista Courifer. The research uses post-colonial theory, particularly Homi Bhabha’s ideas on mimicry and ambivalence, to analyze the story. Mimicry is shown as a survival tactic for Courifer, while his ambivalence reveals internal conflicts about adopting English ways. Tomas also experiences ambivalence as he resists his father’s influence and rejects colonial norms, yet paradoxically adopts certain European ideas. Through this lens, the study highlights how colonialism creates psychological tension and cultural confusion in individuals, shaping their identities and relationships. The analysis concludes that mimicry in the story is not mere imitation but a deliberate tactic used by the characters to secure a place within colonial society and to create a sense of protection for themselves. Ambivalence, on the other hand, emerges as an inevitable outcome of colonial rule: in Courifer, it stems from his conflicted adoption of English culture, while in Tomas it arises through his resistance to his father’s expectations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Hassan, Muhammad Owais Ifzal , Shehryar Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
فن التکرار کمصدر الالھام فی قصائد محمد بلقاسم
This research deals with a topic “Repetition Art as a Source of Inspiration in Poems of Muhammad Belqasem”. Many poets writs about their own lives emotions and expressions using their feeling of a spring board for exeativity. The beauty and complexity of the natural world often serve as powerful inspiration, leading poets to explore themes of life, death, and the passage of time. Although repetition has long existed in classical Arabic poetry, it has emerged as a modern stylistic device of expression because it is considered a phenomenon of recent prominent poetic text structure so that there is in every book of poems. It can have respectful aesthetic and psychological meanings reinforce the semantic and rhythmic movement in the poetic text. It aims at research paper to study the aesthetic of repetition in the poetry of Muhammad Belqasem Khumar, this study explores the nature of the technique, its structure, and aesthetic formulation, as well as the extent to which the poet employed it as a creative tool within his poetic texts.
Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad (Correspending Author)
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Mufti Muhammad Saleam, Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad (Correspending Author), Dr Wajid Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
عبداللہ بن عباسؓ کے تفسیری مصادر میں سیرت کا تناظر
This research paper seeks to expound on the importance of Seerah (Biography of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) to the methodology of exegesis of a great companion and scholar, Abdullah ibn Abbas (رضی اللہ عنہما), who was popularly referred to as Hibr al-Ummah and Tarjuman al-Qur an describing his fundamental work in exegesis. The paper brings out the fact that Ibn Abbas was not confined to literal or linguistic tafsir. Rather, he strongly depended upon the life experiences of the Prophet ﷺ in particular in explaining verses revealed in relation to major events such as the battles of Badr and Uhud, social regulations such as inheritance and marriage and moral rules such as patience, justice and compassion. His tafsir is representative of a holistic arrangement in which Seerah was an interactive context (and a commentary). The paper has also shown that the tafsir of Ibn Abbas relied on oral narration by the Prophet ﷺ, narrations of the senior companions, and carefully and selectively used reports of the People of the Book. The research highlights that Ibn Abbas instructed his pupils (Mujahid, Ikrimah and Tawus) on the significance of incorporating Seerah in tafsir thus introducing a scholarly tradition that was subsequently emulated by classical exegetes such as al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir and al-Qurtubi. The argument of the research is that in the contemporary setting, the methodology of Ibn Abbas provides a solid framework against misinterpretation of the Quran in the present time by focusing on the practical application of the Prophet as the step stone towards deciphering the divine revelation. The paper sums up to conclude that the revitalisation of this Seerah-based tafsir method is a requirement in maintaining the integrity, relevance and understandability of the Qur?an, both within the traditional and academic contexts. This research recommends additional collections of the tafsir of Ibn Abbas with the context of the events of prophets to be included in the curricula and websites to be used in making the general populace comprehend and get involved in the study of the Quran through the prism of Seerah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad, Dr. Anum Hamid (Corresponding Author), Dr. Wajid Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) Sources Of Income: Research And Analysis
The employment sources of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), serve as a crucial study in understanding the socio-economic context of early Islamic society and the principles of work and ethics that he embodied. This research examines the various means through which the Prophet engaged in economic activities, including trade, agriculture, and the establishment of a cooperative community. The analysis draws on historical texts, including Hadith and Sirah literature, to delineate how the Prophet's practices not only provided a livelihood but also promoted values of honesty, integrity, and mutual support among the community.The study identifies key employment sources, highlighting the significant role of commerce in the Prophet's life, particularly during his years as a trader prior to his prophethood. It also explores his contributions to community welfare through the establishment of the first mosque in Medina, which became a center for social and economic interaction. Moreover, the principles embedded in his approach to work such as fairness, equitable resource distribution, and social responsibility are critically analyzed to derive lessons applicable in contemporary contexts. In conclusion, this research underscores how the employment practices of the Messenger of Allah not only fulfilled economic needs but also laid the groundwork for a just and cohesive society, offering timeless insights into the ethical dimensions of work and employment in Islam. The findings advocate for a reflection on these practices in today’s labor market, emphasizing the relevance of Islamic teachings in fostering ethical employment practices.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Awais, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ramzan, Dr.Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effects of School and Home Environment on Students’ Learning at Secondary Level
This study investigates the effects of both school and home environments on students’ learning outcomes at the secondary level. Recognizing that academic achievement is shaped by a combination of institutional and domestic factors, the research explores the influence of climate, teacher–student relationships, teaching quality, peer interactions, and the availability of learning resources and infrastructure in schools. Similarly, it examines the role of parental involvement, socio-economic status, home study habits, family support, and access to digital learning tools within the home setting. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing surveys, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically coded to identify recurring patterns. Findings reveal that a positive school climate, supportive teacher–student relationships, adequate learning facilities, and constructive peer influence significantly enhance student motivation and academic performance. Likewise, parental engagement, stable socio-economic conditions, consistent study routines, and reliable digital access at home were found to strongly correlate with improved learning outcomes. The study underscores the need for integrated interventions where both schools and families collaboratively foster environments conducive to holistic student development. Recommendations include targeted teacher training, improved infrastructure, parental education programs, and policies to bridge the digital divide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hina Fatima, Dr Naeem Mohsin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
استشراقی فکر بارے اقبال ؒ کے مؤقف کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
According to various dictionaries, "Orientalism" refers to the study of Eastern life, knowledge, literature, languages, and culture by Western scholars. The term "Orientalist" is used for a Western scholar who dedicates their life to acquiring knowledge about the East in these areas.In reality, Orientalism is a well-organized and comprehensive movement rooted in hostility towards Islam. This movement carries several goals and objectives.Allama Iqbal, after deeply studying and observing this movement, presented a balanced, well-reasoned, and clear stance. He was at the forefront of criticizing and rejecting those Orientalist ideas and theories that conflicted with the teachings of Islam.A study of Iqbal’s thoughts and writings makes it evident that he acknowledged the roots and intentions of Orientalist thought. In both his prose and poetry, he explicitly explained their objectives, motives, and methodologies. Iqbal described the aims and strategies of Orientalist thought as part of a broader Western agenda to spread anti-Islamic culture, promote the Western concept of nationalism in Muslim countries, support Christian missionary efforts, promote Western superiority and psychological domination, and assist in colonial control over the Muslim world.Iqbal took a firm and critical stance against Orientalist ideas, backed by strong arguments. He considered Western civilization as morally degenerate, steeped in obscenity and materialism, and distant from spirituality. He believed that Western knowledge and sciences were rooted in Satanic values and posed a great threat to humanity. Iqbal viewed Western politics as inhumane and materialistic, designed by evil forces, and based on flawed concepts like secular nationalism.Iqbal's attitude toward Orientalist thought was not one of admiration. He disapproved of Western civilization because every aspect of it clashed with Islamic values. He condemned Western politics for its oppression, materialism, and distance from religion.Regarding Western sciences and arts, Iqbal held two different views. He criticized those aspects which were anti-Islamic and harmful to humanity but appreciated those elements that served human welfare. Overall, Iqbal’s view was that Orientalist ideas were not to be adopted. He encouraged complete avoidance of Western civilization. In contrast to Western politics, he promoted a political system based on Islamic principles, as he believed that politics without religious boundaries was equivalent to tyranny. He discouraged engagement with the harmful and dangerous aspects of Western knowledge but encouraged benefiting from aspects that served the good of humanity.
Copyright (c) 2025 AQSA QURESHI, Dr,Hafiz Abdul Majeed, Dr, Abdun Nasir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Rational and Ethical Decision-Making
Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a pivotal role in shaping effective decision-making in both personal and professional settings. This article explores how core components of EI—such as self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, motivation, and social skills—directly influence the quality and outcomes of decisions. Traditional models of decision-making emphasize logic and analysis, but growing evidence suggests that emotional factors significantly impact choices, particularly in high-pressure or interpersonal contexts. Individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to manage stress, recognize emotional triggers, and respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively. They also demonstrate superior communication and collaboration skills, enabling them to make ethical and socially responsible decisions by considering the perspectives and feelings of others. The article presents real-world examples from leadership, crisis management, and organizational behavior to demonstrate how emotionally intelligent decision-makers drive positive results. In contrast, low EI can lead to biased judgment, conflict escalation, and poor emotional regulation. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of developing EI through training, mindfulness, and feedback mechanisms. Enhancing emotional intelligence not only improves individual decision-making capacity but also fosters better teamwork and organizational health. By integrating emotional awareness with cognitive reasoning, decision-makers can achieve a more balanced and impactful approach to problem-solving. The findings advocate for the inclusion of EI development in educational curricula and leadership training programs to prepare individuals for complex, emotionally charged decision environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Awais, Dr.Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq, Syed Ijaz Ahmed Gillani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Instructional Model for Enhancing Personalized Learning in the Classroom
In this research, I address the question of whether an instructional model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help provide more individual learning experiences in an engaging English classroom context among the learners in the ninth grade. A quantitative type of research using a sample size of 30 students was performed through pre- and post-intervening surveys, engagement and performance monitoring. The main aims were presenting the effectiveness of AI in providing personalized content provision, measuring its influence on the student engagement and performance, the interaction of a teacher with the system, and revealing the distinctions based on gender in terms of system acceptance and effectiveness. The results indicated that the AI instruction model contributed to significant increases in the personalized learning results. The level of engagement, educational performance, and the interaction with the AI system proved to be higher in case of male students and lower in case of female students. It was discovered that teacher participation was an important key to the effective implementation of the AI tool and the greater the interaction of a teacher with students, the better are the results of the learning. These findings are indicative of the fact that gender relations, as well as an active teacher intervening process, are critical factors in the process of AI-guided instruction optimization. On the basis of those results, it is suggested that schools should utilize AI based models in facilitating personal learning, as well as well-planned teacher education and gender-sensitive interaction patterns. The research is an addition to the existing evidence of the usefulness of AI in the educational environment and the criticality of the inclusive practices approach that would help realize the potential value of AI to its maximum. To further elaborate, future studies ought to consider these findings beyond the short-term effects, different subjects, and large classes of students with the intention of comprehending how such AI-based learning interventions are scalable and sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Dr. Muhammad Waris Ali, Prof, Dr. Tunku Badariah Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Islamic Ethics in Influencer Marketing: (Guidelines for Shariah-Compliant Digital Campaigns
The rapid rise of digital influencer marketing has transformed consumer engagement and brand communication across the Muslim world. However, the ethical implications of this trend remain underexplored, particularly in light of Islamic values and Shariah-compliant business practices. This paper investigates influencer marketing through the lens of Islamic ethics, offering a comprehensive framework for developing ethical and Shariah-aligned digital campaigns. Drawing upon classical sources of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law), and contemporary business ethics, the study highlights the critical boundaries of halal and haram in online persuasion, the risks of deceptive promotion (gharar), and the moral responsibilities of content creators and brands. Using a qualitative review of case studies, fatwas, and marketing guidelines from Muslim-majority countries, the article proposes a practical guideline checklist for Islamic influencer marketing. The findings aim to assist marketers, Islamic scholars, digital platforms, and consumers in fostering a more spiritually conscious and ethically responsible digital marketplace.
Islamic Marketing Ethics, Influencer Marketing ,Shariah Compliance, Digital Campaign, Halal Branding, Gharar (Uncertainty), Maqasid al-Shariah, Business Ethics in Islam, Online Consumer Behavior ,Islamic Advertising Standards
Copyright (c) 2025 Syed Muhammad Haroon Bukhari, DR. Syed Muhammad Haroon Bukhari, Dr. Ayaz Akhter Naeemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Exploring the Philosophy of Life through Qur’ānic and Prophetic Teachings
This research article explores the philosophical foundations of life in light of the Qur’ān and Hadith, aiming to present a comprehensive understanding of human existence from an Islamic worldview. It examines core questions concerning the origin, purpose, and ultimate destiny of life, drawing upon primary Islamic sources to highlight that life is not a mere biological event, but a purposeful, divinely orchestrated journey. According to the Qur’ān, life is a sacred trust (amānah) from the Creator, a test (ibtilā) for human beings to prove their moral character, and a transitional phase leading to the eternal hereafter. The Hadith literature complements this view by emphasizing ethical behavior, self-accountability, and the temporary nature of worldly attachments.This article analyzes selected Qur’ānic verses and Prophetic traditions that elucidate the metaphysical, spiritual, and existential meanings of life. It also incorporates comparative insights from classical and modern philosophical frameworks to contextualize the uniqueness of the Islamic perspective. By doing so, the study identifies how Islamic teachings offer a holistic view that integrates the physical, moral, and metaphysical dimensions of human life. The findings of the study indicate that Islam provides a balanced and purposeful approach to existence—rooted in divine guidance—that addresses the human quest for meaning, direction, and ultimate fulfillment. This understanding encourages ethical living, inner development, and conscious preparation for the afterlife. In a world often dominated by materialism and existential doubt, the Islamic philosophy of life serves as a timeless source of wisdom, providing clarity, motivation, and spiritual depth to those seeking truth and purpose in their lives.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syed Muhammad Haroon Bukhari, Dr. Syed Hamid Farooq Bukhari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Syntactic Analyses of Pakistani and British Newspaper: Syntax in Action
Sentence structure and patterns are of great significance as they play a significant role in effective communication which is the essence of news articles. Limited research has been done on syntactic analysis of sentence structure and patterns employed in newspaper articles. This study conducted a comparative syntactic analysis of news articles from British and Pakistani newspapers. A mixed method approach was followed; the data was collected from five news articles each from the newspapers, The Guardian and The Nation that were published in April 2025 and was analyzed qualitatively by syntactic analysis. The findings with the help of quantitative method were then presented in the form of percentages to show how frequently certain sentence structure and pattern had been used in the newspaper articles. The research concluded that the most common sentence structures used in both newspapers’ articles were S+V, S+LV+SC, S+V+O+A, and S+V+O among others. Among the four sentence structures, S+V+O+A (41%) was frequently used in The Nation while S+LV+SC (49%) was used the most in The Guardian. Moreover, the most frequently occurring sentence pattern was the simple sentence (32.8%) in The Nation whereas complex sentence (38.5%) was the most used in The Guardian. The research contributes to the understanding of the usage of sentence structures and patterns in newspapers and can enhance comprehension, human communication, and journalism practices.
Dr. Rai Zahoor Ahmed (Corresponding Author)
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafeesah Khaliq, Dr. Rai Zahoor Ahmed (Corresponding Author) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Linguistic Framing of Climate Change Responsibility in News Media: A Cross-National Analysis of Pakistani and American Newspapers
Climate change is not only a scientific and political concern but also a discursive phenomenon constructed through media language. This study examines how English-language newspapers from Pakistan and the United States linguistically frame responsibility for climate change, utilizing Hallidayian Systemic Functional Grammar, specifically the transitivity system, in conjunction with Entman's Framing Theory. A corpus of 50 articles—25 from each country, published from January 2024 to December 2024—was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Corpus tools (AntConc, LancsBox, UAM CorpusTool) were employed to identify process types and participant roles that construct agency, blame, and action in climate discourse. Findings reveal that Pakistani newspapers emphasize material processes and human agency, often foregrounding global injustice and vulnerability. In contrast, U.S. newspapers favor nominalizations and passive constructions that frame climate action as a shared or institutional responsibility. This contrast reflects deeper geopolitical asymmetries: Pakistan's discourse appeals to moral and financial accountability, whereas U.S. media prioritize technocratic solutions and collective action. By integrating linguistic analysis with framing theory in a comparative context, the study contributes to critical discourse analysis and climate communication scholarship. It highlights how language encodes ideological positioning and power dynamics, ultimately shaping public understanding of environmental justice and global responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Ammar Asif, Dr.Ayesha Asghar Gill (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Comparative Study of Religion and Spirituality Between American and Pakistani Societies
Religious and spiritual beliefs shape many civilizations' rules, actions, and structures. This comparative research examines religion and spirituality in America and Pakistan. Due to historical, cultural, and socio-political reasons, religion and spirituality in both countries vary in expression, interpretation, and social influence. his research focuses on analyzing and contrasting the spiritual and religious practices observed in Pakistan and the United States. The study follows a qualitative approach, relying on secondary sources such as academic texts, scholarly articles, and published reports for data collection. To gain insight into the theological and spiritual principles shaping both societies, relevant literature concerning their historical developments, rituals, and societal impacts was thoroughly reviewed. In the United States, a growing trend toward secularism and religious diversity is evident, with an increasing number of people identifying as spiritual without adhering to formal religious institutions. On the other hand, Pakistan continues to reflect a strong religious identity, where Islamic beliefs deeply influence cultural norms, individual behavior, and community life. Pakistani society is heavily religious, with Islam influencing daily life, governance, and culture. Religion and spirituality provide moral guidance, community cohesion, and personal identity in both societies. Educational and cultural exchange activities between the two countries should improve interfaith understanding and respect. Interfaith conversation should be studied for its role in promoting peace and tolerance in varied societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of English Language Proficiency on Academic and Social Experiences of University Student-Athletes in Pakistan
Social integration of university student-athletes in Pakistan. University life in Pakistan presents unique challenges for student-athletes, especially those with limited command of English, which can affect their academic performance, classroom participation, and ability to build effective relationships with peers and instructors. To explore these dynamics, a mixed-methods approach was employed involving 200 student-athletes from two universities in Faisalabad. Quantitative data were gathered through structured surveys measuring students’ English language competency, academic outcomes, and social engagement, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to examine qualitative responses, and appropriate statistical methods were applied to analyze quantitative findings. Results indicated that student-athletes with higher English proficiency performed better academically, participated more confidently in class, and integrated more easily into social circles. In contrast, those with limited proficiency often experienced academic stress, social isolation, and difficulty in meeting academic standards. These findings highlight the compounded burden faced by student-athletes in managing both academic and athletic responsibilities. Limited English proficiency was shown to intensify this burden, potentially impacting their overall university experience and future career opportunities. The study underscores the need for universities to implement targeted language support programs that can help student-athletes overcome linguistic challenges, thereby promoting a more inclusive and equitable academic environment. The research concludes that strengthening English language skills is essential for the academic and social success of student-athletes in higher education institutions in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Abida Naseer, Faiza Tehreem, Dr. Saeed Javed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
قرآن و حدیث ،آثار صحابہ و تابعین سے تحقیق کی بنیادی مثالیں اور عصری اطلاقات:ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The research of the Qur’an and Hadith holds a central and foundational place in the field of Islamic sciences. This discipline has played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, religious, and scholarly development of Muslim society. Through this research, the original meanings, interpretations, and legal derivations of the Qur’an and Hadith have been preserved and clarified. Among the earliest and most significant contributors to this tradition were the noble Companions (Ṣaḥābah) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and their successors, the Tabi'in. Their efforts established the essential principles of preservation, explanation, and critical evaluation that continue to guide Islamic scholarship. The Companions witnessed divine revelation and directly heard the sayings of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Their deep understanding and immediate interaction with the Qur’an and Hadith gave them a unique scholarly position. They developed methods for memorization, recitation, and contextual understanding of the Qur’anic verses and were pioneers in Hadith authentication by investigating the reliability of narrators and chains of transmission. Prominent Companions like Abu Hurairah, Aisha, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them) exemplified this dedication through their keen scholarly insights. Following them, the Tabi'in carried forward this scholarly legacy by systematizing the research of Hadith and Qur’an under defined scientific principles. They introduced frameworks for collecting and verifying narrations and contributed to the foundation of jurisprudential schools. Great Imams such as Malik, Abu Hanifa, and Shafi’i built upon the contributions of the Tabi'in, establishing robust standards for legal and exegetical interpretation. Together, the Companions and the Tabi'in not only preserved the sacred texts but also developed enduring methodologies for interpretation and legal reasoning. Their foundational research continues to be a cornerstone in Islamic academic thought and the progression of the Islamic sciences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zarqa Zulfiqar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
مستشرقیت کی پرتیں: اسلام کی تفہیم پر اس کے اثرات کا تنقیدی جائزہ
For centuries, Orientalists have deeply engaged in the study of Islam and its teachings, producing a vast body of literature. Their efforts span across regions and cultures, and their presence is not confined to any one nation. While the overarching aim of many Orientalists appears to be the dissemination of doubts and misconceptions about Islam and Muslims, it is crucial to recognize the diversity within this group. Orientalists are not a monolithic entity; they range from those sincerely dedicated to knowledge and truth to those driven by bias and opposition. Some have genuinely contributed to the intellectual understanding of Islamic civilization, while others have merely worked to cast shadows of skepticism. This dichotomy raises an essential question: is the Orientalist movement a beacon of academic enlightenment or a calculated effort to mislead humanity about the essence of Islam? The answer lies within a detailed examination of the types of Orientalists—those committed to pure scholarly inquiry, those influenced by fanaticism, the deliberate opponents of Islam, and those who, though initially aligned with Orientalism, ultimately embraced the truth they discovered through their research. This study aims to introduce the various classes of Orientalists and explore the true nature of their research endeavors. It presents a nuanced perspective, neither wholly condemning nor uncritically praising the Orientalist movement, but striving to understand its complex motivations and multifaceted impact on the global perception of Islam and Muslims. The discussion seeks to highlight both the constructive and destructive outcomes of Orientalist scholarship throughout history.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayesha Imran, Aroosa Latif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reconciling the Void: An Analysis of McCarthy’s The Road (2006)
Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006) presents a stark, post-apocalyptic world stripped of structure, meaning, and divine presence, yet within this narrative of devastation lies a profound exploration of survival, love, and metaphysical reckoning. This paper investigates how the novel confronts the concept of “the void”—a space of absence, death, and spiritual silence—while simultaneously offering the possibility of reconciliation through human connection and moral perseverance. By analyzing the unnamed father and son’s journey, the essay examines how their bond functions as a moral axis in a world where traditional systems of belief and ethics have collapsed. Through close textual analysis and philosophical reflection, the paper argues that The Road both acknowledges and resists nihilism: the void is not denied, but met with acts of care, memory, and storytelling. The narrative’s sparse language and recurring imagery of fire, darkness, and silence are read as stylistic manifestations of McCarthy’s existential concerns. Special attention is given to the novel’s ending, particularly the trout passage, which offers a potential vision of beauty and permanence amidst ruin. This moment is interpreted not as resolution, but as a final gesture toward the unknowable—a symbolic reconciliation with the void that defines the novel’s moral and metaphysical terrain. Drawing on existential and post-theological frameworks, the paper positions The Road as a literary meditation on endurance, meaning, and the remnants of faith in a disintegrated world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Junaid Mahmud, Dr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Aneeq Sajid (Corresponding) (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Annihilation: A Posthuman Paranoid Study of Ecophobic Anxieties in Weird Fiction
This study delves into the psychological intricacies of posthuman identity as represented in Jeff VanderMeer’s weird fiction novel Annihilation. Framed within a paranoid and ecophobic narrative world, the research investigates the psychological complexities associated with posthuman existence, including paranoia, claustrophobia, and schizophrenia. The central aim is to uncover the root causes of these anxieties by examining the interplay between human consciousness and the natural environment in a context where traditional notions of individuality and control are destabilized. Drawing on N. Katherine Hayles’s posthuman theories of "pattern and randomness" and "distributed cognitive consciousness," the paper reveals how the illusion of human sovereignty and detachment from ecological systems contributes to the rise of paranoid consciousness. The protagonist’s psychological unraveling in Annihilation serves as a metaphor for the broader human struggle with accepting the agency of non-human entities and ecological networks. As the novel blurs the boundaries between the self and the environment, the reader is confronted with a vision of subjectivity that is decentralized, unstable, and deeply interwoven with the natural world.The analysis suggests that posthuman anxieties stem from an epistemological crisis—the failure to integrate ecological consciousness into human self-perception. Through a close reading of the text, the study emphasizes the necessity for posthuman beings to renegotiate their understanding of agency, perception, and their ecological embeddedness. Ultimately, the findings urge a reevaluation of ecological relationships and call for a reimagining of human subjectivity that moves beyond anthropocentric dominance toward an ecologically attuned existence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ms. Ifra Mehmood, Dr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Mrs. Taiba Arooj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0