Welcome to Scholar Insight Journal Scholar Insight Journal (HEC Pakistan, Y Category: 1st October 2024 – 31st March 2026) is a peer-reviewed, quarterly (4 issues per year) academic publication dedicated to advancing knowledge and critical understanding in the broad domain of Arts & Humanities (Miscellaneous). The journal provides a dynamic platform for rigorous scholarly inquiry, publishing original research across a diverse spectrum of disciplines including , Arabic, Urdu, English, Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, Education, Languages,etc and related fields. At Scholar Insight Journal, we are committed to fostering intellectual exchange by encouraging innovative research methodologies and diverse theoretical frameworks. Our editorial board, comprising distinguished scholars and researchers from across the globe, upholds the highest standards of academic integrity, ensuring a transparent and robust double-blind peer review process. Open Access Policy Scholar Insight Journal is an open access journal. All articles are freely available to readers without subscription or paywall barriers. Copyright & Licensing Authors retain the copyright of their work. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Archiving & Preservation The journal ensures long-term digital preservation through LOCKSS, CLOCKSS, and PKP Preservation Network (PKP PN). Through our publications, we strive to: Disseminate cutting-edge research findings, Promote interdisciplinary dialogue, and Address contemporary challenges within the social sciences and humanities. Whether you are a seasoned academic, an early-career researcher, or a practitioner seeking deeper insights, Scholar Insight Journal invites you to engage with its wealth of knowledge and scholarly contributions. Join us in our mission to promote excellence in research and contribute meaningfully to the evolving landscape of Arts & Humanities. ISSN(Online): 3006-9785 ISSN(Print): 3007-245X
Authors retain the copyright of their work. All articles in Scholar Insight Journal are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits anyone to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, and to use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the author(s) or the publisher, provided proper attribution is given to the original work.
قانون سازی کے اصول: امام شاہ ولی اللہ محدث دہلویؒ کا فکری منہج
This article examines the principles of legislation through the intellectual methodology of Imam Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlavi (رحمہ اللہ), one of the most influential Islamic thinkers of the Indo-Muslim world. Imam Shah Waliullah developed a comprehensive legal and philosophical framework that sought to revive Islamic law by reconnecting it with its foundational objectives, social realities, and moral purposes. The most important underlying theme of law making principles for him was Istehsan (ease). The study highlights that, the principles of law should be flexible, must not contain extra restrictions, making difficult to abide by. according to Shah Waliullah, legislation must remain firmly rooted in the Qur’an and Sunnah while simultaneously addressing societal needs through ijtihad, maslahah (public interest), and recognized custom (‘urf). Central to his legal thought is the concept of Masleha Kulliya ( collective goodness). The article argues that Imam Shah Waliullah’s intellectual methodology offers a balanced and pragmatic model for contemporary Islamic legislation. His thought provides valuable guidance for modern Muslim societies seeking to harmonize classical Islamic legal principles with contemporary legal, social, and ethical challenges.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Scholar Insight Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
انضباطِ مبہم و امتیازِ مشکل: اصولِ تخریجِ احکام کا ایک کیفیت و اصولی مطالعہ روشنی میں
This study presents a qualitative and usulī analysis of the principles of “Ambiguity Regulation” (Inzibat al-Mubham) and “Distinction of Complex Cases” (Imtiyaz al-Mushkil) in Islamic jurisprudence. These principles guide the extraction and application of rulings from Sharīʿah texts when the wording of the text is general, ambiguous, or potentially applicable to multiple scenarios. Often, a term or title (e.g., Sariq - thief) is mentioned without specifying conditions, thresholds, or contexts, requiring jurists to identify essential distinctions, conditions, and operational definitions. The study demonstrates that methods such as classification of types, attention to specific characteristics, reference to social custom (ʿurf), and differentiation through apparent or dominant forms, are essential for precise legal derivation. Examples from theft (sariqah), extravagance (taʿayyush), and marriage versus illicit sexual relations illustrate these methodologies. The findings underscore that jurisprudential precision involves not only textual interpretation but also the integration of context, purpose, customary practices, and practical indicators, ensuring that rulings are both doctrinally sound and socially implementable. This framework highlights the practical and systematic nature of usul al-takhreej and its critical role in harmonizing textual guidance with real-world applicability.
SHARIAH ANALYSIS OF QANUN-E-SHAHADAT ORDER AND APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL QARĪNA DOCTRINES ON ELECTRONIC-EVIDENCE
The advent of digital technology has transformed the evidentiary landscape, presenting unique challenges for legal systems grounded in classical doctrines. This article undertakes a Shariah-based analysis of Pakistan’s Qanun-e-Shahadat Order (QSO), 1984, with particular focus on its treatment of electronic evidence. It examines how traditional Islamic principles of proof, especially the classical doctrine of Qarīna (presumptions and inferential evidence), can inform the admissibility, credibility, and weight of electronic records such as emails, digital contracts, and forensic data. By juxtaposing the QSO provisions with classical qarīna concepts, the study identifies convergences and gaps, highlighting areas where contemporary judicial practice may benefit from Shariah-guided reasoning. The article also discusses methodological challenges in interpreting electronic evidence under both statutory and Shariah frameworks, emphasizing principles such as certainty (yaqin), corroboration, and avoidance of unjust assumptions. Through case law analysis and doctrinal comparison, it proposes a harmonized approach that respects the integrity of Islamic evidentiary standards while addressing the technical complexities of digital proof. The findings underscore the potential for classical qarīna doctrines to enrich modern evidentiary evaluation, ensuring justice, reliability, and fairness in the digital age.
عصرِ حاضر کا نظامِ تعلیم اور خواتین کی تعلیم و تربیت کا مسئلہ اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ
Education is central to shaping societies, and Islam places equal emphasis on the pursuit of knowledge for both men and women. In Muslim societies, however, the modern education system has been shaped largely by Western paradigms, creating a disconnect between contemporary practices and Islamic values. This research critically examines the challenges of women’s education and character formation within this context, while proposing solutions grounded in Islamic teachings. The study explores the historical development of the modern education system and evaluates its compatibility with the Islamic worldview. It highlights the structural and moral challenges faced by Muslim women—such as curriculum content, institutional culture, and the lack of integration between academic learning and spiritual training. Drawing upon the Qur’an, Hadith, classical jurisprudence, and contemporary scholarship, the research emphasizes Islam’s vision of women’s education as both a right and a pillar of social reform. Using qualitative analysis of Islamic sources, literature, and policy documents (with a focus on Pakistan), the study proposes a holistic educational model that combines academic excellence with moral and spiritual development.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 Scholar Insight Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
شعری لسانیات: انیس ناگی کے معنوی و استعاراتی نظام کا تجزیہ
This research article investigates the theoretical framework of "Poetic Linguistics" pioneered by Anis Nagi, specifically focusing on his unique semantic and metaphorical system as an objective tool for literary analysis. Moving beyond traditional impressionistic criticism, Nagi’s theory posits that for a poet, the word is not merely a communicative medium but an autonomous "realm of experience." The study explores the core components of Nagi’s linguistic model, including the transition from general linguistic perception to creative expression, where lexical meanings fade to give way to a complex series of emotional reactions. Central to this analysis is Nagi’s redefinition of the metaphor as a tool for semantic expansion—arguing that it is rooted not only in similarity but also in contrast and relational proximity. The article further examines the concept of "Mahakaati Isti’ara" (mimesis/imagery), which grants physical embodiment to abstract concepts, and the dual nature of context (syntactic and emotional). By applying these principles to contemporary Urdu long poems, the study demonstrates how poetic linguistics decodes communicative complexities and reveals the deep structure of the text. The findings conclude that Nagi’s semantic system provides a scientific methodology for understanding the modern poem as an organic linguistic unit, where every word draws its value from its specific placement within the creative context rather than its dictionary definition.
اردو املا کے جمالیاتی پہلو : رشید حسن خاں اور ڈاکٹر ابو محمد سحر کا فکری اختلاف
This research article provides a comparative and analytical study of the intellectual divergence between two titans of Urdu linguistics, Rashid Hassan Khan and Dr. Abu Muhammad Sahar, regarding the standardization of Urdu orthography (Imla). The debate centers on two conflicting linguistic philosophies: Khan’s insistence on "linguistic logic" and "etymological rigor" versus Siddiqui’s defense of "established usage" (Riwaaj) and "historical continuity." Rashid Hassan Khan sought to reconstruct Urdu orthography on scientific and phonetic foundations, aiming to eliminate centuries of scribal errors and inconsistencies. Conversely, Dr. Abu Muhammad Sahar argued that language is a socio-cultural product governed by collective visual memory, asserting that radical changes dictated by pure logic could lead to linguistic chaos and alienation from classical literary traditions. The article examines specific orthographic points of contention, including the Alif versus Haye-Mukhtafi (h) debate, the technical complexities of Hamza in Izafat (genitive constructions), the rules for joining or separating compound words, and the treatment of loanwords (Dakhil Alfaz). Through an empirical analysis of their seminal works, the study reveals that while Rashid Khan’s approach provides a structured system for future standardization, Abu Muhammad Sahar’s moderate stance protects the unique phonetic and aesthetic temperament of Urdu. The findings suggest that successful linguistic reform must balance logical correctness with public acceptance. The article concludes that the future of Urdu orthography lies in a path of moderation, ensuring the language remains compatible with modern digital technology while preserving its rich scholarly heritage.
Regulating the Future: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan’s Need for EU-Based Cyber Privacy Frameworks
The use of cyber technologies in Pakistan has been both exposed in the governance system, commercial practices, law enforcement, and daily living, providing a great benefit by causing a real efficiency improvement, and at the same time, also presents severe threats to privacy and data security, among other essential rights. Without a regulatory framework of AI that is elaborate, enforceable, and solid in use rights-based protections, the remaining ones are still in bits, mostly aspirational, and poor. In comparison, the coherent risk-oriented regulatory model implemented in the European Union via the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is based on the principles of human dignity, accountability, and democratic control. The article aims at achieving three research objectives: first, due to its doctrinal nature, to examine the current and proposed laws on data protection and AI-based decision-making in Pakistan; second, to comparatively explore how the EU GDPR and AI Act respond to analogous regulatory challenges with binding obligations, institutional regulation and risk classification; and third, to normatively evaluate the AI governance framework in Pakistan against the international human rights standards, specifically, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the EU fundamental rights standards. The methodological approach of the study is the doctrinal legal analysis, the comparative legal research, and normative evaluation of the statutory texts, policy documents, judicial principles, and scholarly literature. The analysis demonstrates that there are considerable regulatory gaps in Pakistan, such as a lack of enforceable limitations on automated decision-making, insufficient transparency and accountability requirements on AI developers and implementers, ineffective redressing of rights infringements, and the absence of an independent regulatory body that has effective powers. The EU model, in its turn, combines the principles of data protection, including lawfulness, minimization of information, and limitation of purpose, transparency, and accountability, and AI-specific risk-based regulation and strong mechanisms of institutional enforcement.
Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad (Corresponding Author)
المناهج المختلفة في الفتوی في النوازل الفقهیة المعاصرة
This research examines the different methodologies adopted in issuing fatwas on contemporary juristic issues that arise due to rapid social, economic, and technological change. It explores how classical principles of Islamic jurisprudence are applied to new and unprecedented situations, commonly referred to as nawāzil fiqhiyyah. The study analyzes major approaches used by contemporary jurists, including strict textual adherence, contextual interpretation, objectives-based reasoning, and collective ijtihad. It highlights the strengths and limitations of each methodology and discusses the balance between legal continuity and necessary flexibility in modern fatwa practice. The research also addresses the role of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, public interest, and changing circumstances in shaping contemporary legal opinions. By comparing these methodologies, the study aims to contribute to a more informed and balanced framework for issuing fatwas that remain faithful to Islamic legal tradition while responding effectively to present-day challenges.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Scholar Insight Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The National and revolutionary poetry of Josh Maleh Abadi
Josh Malihabadi stands as one of the most powerful and dynamic voices of revolutionary poetry in the Subcontinent. His poetic temperament is marked by intensity, courage, and defiance, reflecting the turbulent political and social conditions of his time. During the freedom movement and the struggle that eventually led to the creation of Pakistan, his poetry emerged as a forceful expression of resistance, awakening national consciousness and inspiring collective action. His verses, charged with emotional strength and ideological clarity, resonated widely and became symbols of rebellion against oppression. The essence of Josh Malihabadi’s poetry lies in its strong national spirit. He skillfully integrates themes of patriotism with vivid imagery drawn from nature, using natural symbols to reinforce ideas of freedom, strength, and renewal. Alongside this, he addresses the socio-economic hardships endured by the masses, giving voice to their pain, aspirations, and determination. Despite highlighting suffering and injustice, his poetry does not succumb to despair; rather, it consistently projects hope, resilience, and faith in a better and more dignified future. Josh’s revolutionary vision extended beyond mere protest. His poetic style, marked by powerful diction, rhythmic force, and intellectual depth, set new standards for national and revolutionary expression in Urdu poetry. As a result, his influence was not limited to his contemporaries alone. Subsequent generations of poets drew inspiration from his bold thematic choices and expressive strength. Consequently, Josh Malihabadi’s poetry occupies a lasting place in literary history as a vital source of nationalist consciousness, revolutionary thought, and artistic resistance.
Contemporary Consciousness of Akbar Alahabadi
Akbar Alahabadi holds a distinguished place among the major classical poets and intellectual figures of the Subcontinent due to the depth, insight, and critical awareness reflected in his poetry. He was not merely a satirist who employed humor for entertainment; rather, he was a perceptive thinker who closely examined the realities of his age. His poetic vision encompasses a wide range of concerns, including political domination, social transformation, cultural dislocation, educational trends, economic pressures, and moral as well as religious decline.During the colonial period, a large segment of Indian Muslim society began to adopt Western lifestyles, values, and educational models uncritically. This tendency, in Akbar Alahabadi’s view, threatened Islamic identity, ethical stability, and indigenous cultural traditions. Through sharp satire and subtle irony, he challenged this blind imitation and exposed the internal contradictions and moral shortcomings of Western civilization. At the same time, he emphasized that Islam provides a holistic and balanced framework capable of addressing human needs in all spheres of life.Akbar Alahabadi’s poetry reveals social hypocrisy, moral erosion, intellectual confusion, and cultural alienation within Muslim society, presenting these issues in a manner that provokes reflection rather than mere ridicule. His satirical style serves a reformative purpose, aiming to protect moral values, discourage vulgarity, and resist cultural domination. Moreover, he offers thoughtful and practical perspectives on social, educational, psychological, and economic problems, which enhance the lasting relevance of his work. Consequently, his poetry stands as a strong expression of contemporary consciousness and an intellectual resistance to cultural and ideological subjugation.
Case Studies in Sahaba Treaty Practice and Territorial Integration
This article examines how the Companions of the Prophet (Sahaba), especially during the Rightly Guided Caliphate, translated Quranic and Prophetic norms into concrete legal instruments for foreign affairs and territorial integration. Focusing on treaty continuity, capitulation agreements, safe conduct (aman),and the selective recognition of local custom (urf), it argues that early Islamic external governance was neither improvised nor purely driven by military expediency. Rather, it was structured around covenant fidelity, procedural fairness, and protection of life, property, and worship for non-Muslim populations incorporated into the Islamic polity. First, the article analyses how post Prophetic leadership treated the Prophet’s covenants as binding obligations of the political community, thereby grounding later doctrines of treaty continuity and principled termination. Second, it studies capitulation agreements in Syria and Iraq as jurisprudential texts that regulated security, taxation, religious institutions, and mobility, while limiting predation and incentivizing stability. Third, it explores aman as a morally weighty guarantee enabling envoys, merchants, and vulnerable populations to move across borders under enforceable protection. Finally, it shows how administrative continuity and legal pluralism emerged through conditional recognition of urf, allowing diverse communities to preserve internal norms under overarching Islamic sovereignty. These case studies illuminate a formative Sahaba based model of international conduct whose ethical core remains relevant to modern discussions of treaty obligation, minority protection, and lawful governance in plural societies.
Challenges and Solutions for Pakistani Muslim Scholars in Britain’s Pluralistic Society
This study examines the challenges faced by Pakistani Muslim scholars in Britain’s pluralist and secular environment, focusing particularly on those associated with Sufi traditions. As the Muslim population in the UK grows and becomes increasingly diverse, religious scholars play a vital role in guiding community life, interpreting Islamic teachings, and bridging the gap between faith-based perspectives and broader societal expectations. Despite this central role, these scholars often confront complex social, cultural, legal, and institutional pressures that shape their work and identity. Guided by four research questions, the study explores how these scholars perceive their responsibilities within a diverse society, the obstacles they encounter, and the strategies they adopt to remain true to their religious principles while engaging constructively with wider British society. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research begins with an extensive review of academic and community literature, followed by semi-structured interviews with Pakistani Sufi oriented scholars based across England. Thematic analysis reveals recurring challenges such as negotiating religious identity in a secular setting, responding to Islamophobia, managing generational differences within British Muslim communities, and balancing traditional expectations with modern institutional demands. The findings indicate that meaningful engagement requires context-sensitive religious training, stronger institutional support, active interfaith involvement, and leadership development tailored to the British context. The study contributes to wider debates on pluralism, integration, and the evolving role of Muslim scholarship in the UK, offering practical recommendations for policymakers, community leaders, and Islamic institutions.
De-centering the Human: A Close Reading of Nonhuman Agency in Elif Shafak’s The Island of Missing Trees
This research explores how Elif Shafak’s The Island of Missing Trees (2021) challenges human-centered perspectives by giving narrative consciousness to a fig tree. The study investigates how Shafak redefines storytelling through a dialogue between human and nonhuman life that turns the novel into a reflection on coexistence, empathy, and ecological awareness. The research examines how the novel builds meaning through the vitality of matter and the agency of the nonhuman world by deploying Rosi Braidotti’s post human philosophy and Serpil Oppermann’s framework of material Eco criticism. The fig tree is not a passive symbol but a conscious voice that remembers, feels, and communicates. Through close reading, the research uncovers how the text connects human trauma with environmental memory and shows that healing begins with recognizing the interdependence among all forms of life. The analysis reveals that empathy is presented as a shared ecological capacity that extends beyond human boundaries and becomes a foundation for ethical coexistence. This study contributes to post human and environmental literary discussions by showing how fiction can express new forms of consciousness and responsibility. The novel invites readers to imagine coexistence built on care, reciprocity, and respect for the entire living world.
Trauma and Recovery in Young Adult Fiction: From “Soul Murder” to Psychological Healing in 13 Reasons Why and Speak
This article examines the representation of adolescent trauma and the complex process of recovery in Jay Asher’s 13 Reasons Why (2007) and Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak (1999). Drawing upon Leonard Shengold’s psychoanalytic concept of “soul murder” and Karen Duncan’s clinical model of the stages of healing, the study argues that the protagonists—Hannah Baker and Melinda Sordino—embody contrasting responses to trauma resulting from sexual assault and bullying. Shengold’s theory clarifies how abuse annihilates the victim’s sense of self, while Duncan’s model illuminates the conditions under which survivors may rebuild identity and agency. Through close textual analysis, the article demonstrates that Speak offers a narrative of reintegration made possible by internal resolve and external validation, whereas 13 Reasons Why depicts the destructive culmination of unacknowledged trauma. By situating these texts within contemporary literary trauma scholarship, the paper underscores the pedagogical and social significance of young-adult fiction as a medium for representing psychological suffering and modelling recovery. Ultimately, it contributes to literary trauma studies by foregrounding adolescence as a distinctive site where identity formation, victimization, and healing intersect.
Unstable Homes, Unstable Lives: A Psychogeographic Exploration of Gentrification in Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers
Spaces are never neutral; they actively shape an individual’s consciousness. In the wake of gentrification, these spaces become sites of exclusion, moral decay, and profound loss, where individuals struggle to maintain their sense of self amid shifting social and spatial orders. This article examines Awais Khan’s In the Company of Strangers (2019) through the intersecting lenses of Guy Debord’s concept of psychogeography and Sharon Zukin’s theory of gentrification to explore how urban spatial transformation in Lahore disrupts the psychological and moral integrity of the character(s). The study argues that gentrified spaces are not merely physical constructs but also psychogeographic forces that shape consciousness, manipulate desire, and erode individual agency. The research employs textual analysis, and looks into how Khan uses figurative language, spatial metaphors, visual motifs, and irony to depict the city as both seductive and alienating. Ali’s journey shows how gentrified spaces, built to serve the rich, lead the poor into confusion and loss. Drawn by false hopes of a better life, he becomes trapped in a city that controls his choices and slowly breaks down his sense of self. Moreover, this article argues that Khan’s portrayal of Lahore transforms the city into a symbolic landscape, where gentrification operates as psychological violence and leads to Ali’s tragic unravelling and eventual death.
Critical Analysis of Political Music Videos of Pakistan (2007-2021): A Socio-Cognitive Approach
This study examines the socio-cognitive procedures used in the creation of political music videos in Pakistan. The data spans fifteen years, from 2007 to 2021. According to this study, music videos are a new and potent weapon for creating political narratives in Pakistan using themes of integration and disintegration. These narratives are then used to pique the interest of the audience. The study’s qualitative analysis is based on in-depth interviews with singers, lyricists, and music video producers. Purposive sampling is used to select five respondents for the interviews. The themes are then gleaned from the respondents’ responses. Incorporating a theoretical framework into the interpretation of the findings is Rick Altman’s approach to film genre (1987). The results point to an increase in Altman’s philosophical outlook. Results also demonstrate that state-sponsored socially conscious themes predominate in Pakistani sociopolitical music videos.
Dr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal (Corresponding Author)
Meaning-Making in Urdu Advertisements and their English Translations: A Social Semiotic Perspective
This research describes meaning-making processes in the selected Urdu advertisement and its English translations by applying the Social semiotic theory. The research investigates the cultural and social factors that influence the production of ads. The study aims to contribute to understanding the linguistic and cultural dimensions of advertising and translation. The data comprises selected Urdu advertisement Surf Excel Ramazan. The descriptive method is applied to explore the meanings of multimodal text (ad) and its translation through the Lens of social semiotic theory by Halliday (1978). The study finds that the choice of language in advertising is a crucial and complex interaction of different semiotic resources that contribute to meanings in multimodal texts. Translation of multimodal text entails the knowledge of linguistic and semiotic resources.
AI Narrative Criticism: Reimagining Meaning, Power, and Storytelling in the Algorithmic Age
This article introduces AI Narrative Criticism as a critical methodology for interpreting stories about, by, and through artificial intelligence in the algorithmic age. It argues that AI systems no longer serve merely as tools of communication but operate as narrative apparatuses that generate, curate, and structure meaning across cultural, literary, and digital domains. Building on poststructuralist narratology, posthuman theory, and critical media studies, the paper outlines three analytic registers: (1) narratives about AI in cultural and policy discourse that project fantasies and anxieties; (2) narratives by AI, such as large language model outputs that demand reconceptualisations of authorship and textuality, and (3) narratives through AI, shaped by algorithmic recommendation systems that structure attention, perception, and affect. Through case studies ranging from speculative fiction and machine-generated writing to platform-curated feeds, the article demonstrates how machinic narrativity unsettles traditional assumptions of intention, coherence, and human-centered authorship. To engage these transformations, the paper proposes a framework for reading AI-mediated storytelling through four methodological coordinates; contextual mapping, discursive reading, aesthetic analysis, and ethical reflexivity. The study concludes that in the age of narrative automation, literary criticism must reinvent itself to confront the aesthetic, epistemic, and political implications of machine-mediated storytelling.
Investigating the Impact of Stylistic Amplification in Urdu Translation of Bapsi Sidhwa’s English Novel
This paper examines the aspect of stylistic amplification in the Urdu translation of The Crow Eaters by Bapsi Sidhwa, translated by Umer Memon as Jungle Wala Sahib. The article draws upon the amplification strategy by Luisa Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir (2002), as well as Mona Baker’s theory of narrative in the study of how stylistic options influence the faithfulness of translation in literary work. Applying a comparative textual analysis of selected passages, the paper refers to several instances in which neutral or emotionally charged narrative devices in the original text are transformed into explicitly emotionally charged or ideology-laden expressions in the Urdu version. The results indicate that although amplification can be successfully used to improve readability and cultural relevance to the Urdu audience, it is likely to overemphasize the personalities of characters and the tone of the story, thereby altering the stylistic nature of the original work. The research will contribute to the broader discussion of the ethical questions surrounding translation and literary style, specifically how much or how little of the story a translator should alter to adapt it across languages and cultures.
Muhammad Javed Iqbal (Corresponding Author)
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in English Teachers’ Decision-Making: Implications for Effective Classroom Management
Emotional intelligence (EI) has gained recognition as a key factor in enhancing the effectiveness of both teaching and educational leadership. The ability of English teachers to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions—within themselves as well as among their students—has a profound impact on classroom interactions and professional choices. The present study explores the influence of emotional intelligence on teachers’ decision-making and its contribution to successful classroom management. It particularly focuses on how the major elements of EI, including self-awareness, empathy, emotional control, and social competence, shape teachers’ instructional planning, disciplinary strategies, and conflict resolution approaches. A quantitative research design was adopted, involving a sample of 120 secondary school teachers from public and private institutions. Data were collected using two standardized instruments: the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and the Teacher Decision-Making Inventory (TDMI). Statistical procedures, such as Pearson correlation and regression analysis, indicated a meaningful positive link between emotional intelligence and teachers’ decision-making effectiveness. The outcomes suggest that English teachers who exhibit stronger emotional intelligence tend to make more balanced, ethical, and student-centered decisions, resulting in improved classroom discipline and academic outcomes. These results highlight that emotional intelligence is not merely an individual characteristic but an essential professional attribute that strengthens the quality of education. Therefore , English teacher preparation and professional development programs should incorporate structured training in emotional intelligence to help educators develop reflective thinking, empathy, and emotional stability—qualities necessary for maintaining productive classrooms and making informed pedagogical decisions.
حدیثی ذخیرے میں صحیح ابن حبان کے منہج کی انفرادیت
Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn-e-Ḥibbān stands as a remarkable scholarly masterpiece within the rich tradition of ḥadīth literature. In this monumental work, Imam Ibn-e-Ḥibbān systematically compiled authentic narrations according to a distinctive methodological framework, formulated upon his own precise terms, classifications, and conditions. This unique arrangement not only demonstrates his intellectual independence but also mirrors the literary and methodological tendencies of his time. The compilation reveals the author’s exceptional ability to combine rigorous authenticity with structural innovation, presenting a new paradigm in ḥadīth organization that later scholars both admired and debated. Over the centuries, Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn-e-Ḥibbān has continued to draw the attention of scholars, researchers, and students of ḥadīth. Its scientific precision, linguistic excellence, and insightful commentary earned it a position of high esteem among the classical sources, to the extent that numerous scholars have chosen it as the focus of their academic research. Nevertheless, despite its profound scholarly merit and its rank comparable to certain works among the Ṣiḥāḥ-e-Sittah (the Six Canonical Collections), it has not received the widespread prominence it truly deserves. In the contemporary era, there remains a pressing need for renewed examination of this work—particularly concerning its methodological principles, arrangement, explanatory annotations, and supplementary discussions. The present study aims to highlight these essential aspects of Ibn Ḥibbān’s methodology and framework, employing both narrative and analytical approaches to shed light on his enduring intellectual legacy and its relevance to modern ḥadīth scholarship.
علم صوتیات کی روشنی میں ، احمد راہی کی "رگِ جاں" کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
The present research, “An Analytical Study of Ahmad Rahi’s Rag-e-Jan in the Light of Phonetics,” explores the intricate relationship between sound and meaning in the poetic expression of Ahmad Rahi. As one of the most influential voices in modern Urdu and Punjabi poetry, Rahi’s Rag-e-Jan exhibits a unique harmony of emotional resonance and phonetic artistry. This study examines how phonetic features such as euphony, consonance, assonance, rhythm, and intonation contribute to the lyrical texture and emotional depth of his verse. Through a detailed phonetic analysis, the research seeks to uncover how Rahi’s sound patterns enrich the semantic layers of his poetry and reflect the cultural, emotional, and linguistic sensibilities of his era.Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of phonological stylistics and modern sound symbolism, the study investigates the interplay between phonetic structure and poetic meaning. Special attention is given to the ways in which Rahi employs auditory elements to express themes of love, nostalgia, pain, and existential reflection. His deliberate use of sound not only enhances musicality but also serves as a vehicle for emotional communication and aesthetic coherence.Ultimately, this research contributes to Urdu literary criticism by integrating linguistic and phonetic perspectives into the study of poetic form and function. It broadens the understanding of Ahmad Rahi’s poetic art as a symphony of sound and sentiment, where phonetic beauty becomes an essential element of his creative expression.
سرسید احمد خان کے اصولِ تفسیر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
This research critically examines the interpretative principles of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), a prominent Muslim reformer and modernist thinker of the Indian subcontinent. His approach to Qur’anic exegesis was shaped by rationalism, modern science, and the intellectual challenges posed by colonialism and Christian missionary activities. Sir Syed emphasized the harmony between revelation and reason, maintaining that the Qur’an must be interpreted in light of natural laws and contemporary knowledge. In this framework, he rejected weak or irrational traditions, reinterpreted miracles as extraordinary but natural events, and advocated a contextual reading of Qur’anic verses. However, his rationalist methodology extended to the denial of the supernatural nature of miracles altogether, which marked a clear departure from traditional Islamic scholarship. Following his trajectory, some of his intellectual heirs went further toward rejecting hadith, creating a deeper rift with mainstream Muslim thought. Sir Syed has thus been regarded as the founder of the so-called Naturist School (Nachri Mazhab), wherein he, under the influence of Western scholarship, advanced interpretive strategies that distorted centuries-old Islamic traditions and interpretive continuity. While his contributions stimulated important debates about the compatibility of Islam and modernity, they also generated serious critiques from traditional scholars who viewed his project as undermining the integrity of classical Islamic heritage. This study evaluates both the strengths and limitations of Sir Syed’s hermeneutics, situating them within the wider discourse of Islamic modernism and its contested legacy in South Asian intellectual history.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Muhammad Arif, Dr. Sher Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ambivalence and Mimicry: A Post-colonial Study of Hayford’s“Mista Courifer”
This study explores the concepts of ambivalence and mimicry in Adelaide Casely Hayford's short story Mista Courifer. The research uses post-colonial theory, particularly Homi Bhabha’s ideas on mimicry and ambivalence, to analyze the story. Mimicry is shown as a survival tactic for Courifer, while his ambivalence reveals internal conflicts about adopting English ways. Tomas also experiences ambivalence as he resists his father’s influence and rejects colonial norms, yet paradoxically adopts certain European ideas. Through this lens, the study highlights how colonialism creates psychological tension and cultural confusion in individuals, shaping their identities and relationships. The analysis concludes that mimicry in the story is not mere imitation but a deliberate tactic used by the characters to secure a place within colonial society and to create a sense of protection for themselves. Ambivalence, on the other hand, emerges as an inevitable outcome of colonial rule: in Courifer, it stems from his conflicted adoption of English culture, while in Tomas it arises through his resistance to his father’s expectations.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Ahmed Hassan, Muhammad Owais Ifzal , Shehryar Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
فن التکرار کمصدر الالھام فی قصائد محمد بلقاسم
This research deals with a topic “Repetition Art as a Source of Inspiration in Poems of Muhammad Belqasem”. Many poets writs about their own lives emotions and expressions using their feeling of a spring board for exeativity. The beauty and complexity of the natural world often serve as powerful inspiration, leading poets to explore themes of life, death, and the passage of time. Although repetition has long existed in classical Arabic poetry, it has emerged as a modern stylistic device of expression because it is considered a phenomenon of recent prominent poetic text structure so that there is in every book of poems. It can have respectful aesthetic and psychological meanings reinforce the semantic and rhythmic movement in the poetic text. It aims at research paper to study the aesthetic of repetition in the poetry of Muhammad Belqasem Khumar, this study explores the nature of the technique, its structure, and aesthetic formulation, as well as the extent to which the poet employed it as a creative tool within his poetic texts.
Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad (Correspending Author)
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Dr. Mufti Muhammad Saleam, Prof. Dr. Matloob Ahmad (Correspending Author), Dr Wajid Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) Sources Of Income: Research And Analysis
The employment sources of the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), serve as a crucial study in understanding the socio-economic context of early Islamic society and the principles of work and ethics that he embodied. This research examines the various means through which the Prophet engaged in economic activities, including trade, agriculture, and the establishment of a cooperative community. The analysis draws on historical texts, including Hadith and Sirah literature, to delineate how the Prophet's practices not only provided a livelihood but also promoted values of honesty, integrity, and mutual support among the community.The study identifies key employment sources, highlighting the significant role of commerce in the Prophet's life, particularly during his years as a trader prior to his prophethood. It also explores his contributions to community welfare through the establishment of the first mosque in Medina, which became a center for social and economic interaction. Moreover, the principles embedded in his approach to work such as fairness, equitable resource distribution, and social responsibility are critically analyzed to derive lessons applicable in contemporary contexts. In conclusion, this research underscores how the employment practices of the Messenger of Allah not only fulfilled economic needs but also laid the groundwork for a just and cohesive society, offering timeless insights into the ethical dimensions of work and employment in Islam. The findings advocate for a reflection on these practices in today’s labor market, emphasizing the relevance of Islamic teachings in fostering ethical employment practices.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Muhammad Awais, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ramzan, Dr.Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effects of School and Home Environment on Students’ Learning at Secondary Level
This study investigates the effects of both school and home environments on students’ learning outcomes at the secondary level. Recognizing that academic achievement is shaped by a combination of institutional and domestic factors, the research explores the influence of climate, teacher–student relationships, teaching quality, peer interactions, and the availability of learning resources and infrastructure in schools. Similarly, it examines the role of parental involvement, socio-economic status, home study habits, family support, and access to digital learning tools within the home setting. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing surveys, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically coded to identify recurring patterns. Findings reveal that a positive school climate, supportive teacher–student relationships, adequate learning facilities, and constructive peer influence significantly enhance student motivation and academic performance. Likewise, parental engagement, stable socio-economic conditions, consistent study routines, and reliable digital access at home were found to strongly correlate with improved learning outcomes. The study underscores the need for integrated interventions where both schools and families collaboratively foster environments conducive to holistic student development. Recommendations include targeted teacher training, improved infrastructure, parental education programs, and policies to bridge the digital divide.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Hina Fatima, Dr Naeem Mohsin, Sana Azeem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
استشراقی فکر بارے اقبال ؒ کے مؤقف کا تحقیقی مطالعہ
According to various dictionaries, "Orientalism" refers to the study of Eastern life, knowledge, literature, languages, and culture by Western scholars. The term "Orientalist" is used for a Western scholar who dedicates their life to acquiring knowledge about the East in these areas.In reality, Orientalism is a well-organized and comprehensive movement rooted in hostility towards Islam. This movement carries several goals and objectives.Allama Iqbal, after deeply studying and observing this movement, presented a balanced, well-reasoned, and clear stance. He was at the forefront of criticizing and rejecting those Orientalist ideas and theories that conflicted with the teachings of Islam.A study of Iqbal’s thoughts and writings makes it evident that he acknowledged the roots and intentions of Orientalist thought. In both his prose and poetry, he explicitly explained their objectives, motives, and methodologies. Iqbal described the aims and strategies of Orientalist thought as part of a broader Western agenda to spread anti-Islamic culture, promote the Western concept of nationalism in Muslim countries, support Christian missionary efforts, promote Western superiority and psychological domination, and assist in colonial control over the Muslim world.Iqbal took a firm and critical stance against Orientalist ideas, backed by strong arguments. He considered Western civilization as morally degenerate, steeped in obscenity and materialism, and distant from spirituality. He believed that Western knowledge and sciences were rooted in Satanic values and posed a great threat to humanity. Iqbal viewed Western politics as inhumane and materialistic, designed by evil forces, and based on flawed concepts like secular nationalism.Iqbal's attitude toward Orientalist thought was not one of admiration. He disapproved of Western civilization because every aspect of it clashed with Islamic values. He condemned Western politics for its oppression, materialism, and distance from religion.Regarding Western sciences and arts, Iqbal held two different views. He criticized those aspects which were anti-Islamic and harmful to humanity but appreciated those elements that served human welfare. Overall, Iqbal’s view was that Orientalist ideas were not to be adopted. He encouraged complete avoidance of Western civilization. In contrast to Western politics, he promoted a political system based on Islamic principles, as he believed that politics without religious boundaries was equivalent to tyranny. He discouraged engagement with the harmful and dangerous aspects of Western knowledge but encouraged benefiting from aspects that served the good of humanity.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 AQSA QURESHI, Dr,Hafiz Abdul Majeed, Dr, Abdun Nasir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Rational and Ethical Decision-Making
Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a pivotal role in shaping effective decision-making in both personal and professional settings. This article explores how core components of EI—such as self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, motivation, and social skills—directly influence the quality and outcomes of decisions. Traditional models of decision-making emphasize logic and analysis, but growing evidence suggests that emotional factors significantly impact choices, particularly in high-pressure or interpersonal contexts. Individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to manage stress, recognize emotional triggers, and respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively. They also demonstrate superior communication and collaboration skills, enabling them to make ethical and socially responsible decisions by considering the perspectives and feelings of others. The article presents real-world examples from leadership, crisis management, and organizational behavior to demonstrate how emotionally intelligent decision-makers drive positive results. In contrast, low EI can lead to biased judgment, conflict escalation, and poor emotional regulation. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of developing EI through training, mindfulness, and feedback mechanisms. Enhancing emotional intelligence not only improves individual decision-making capacity but also fosters better teamwork and organizational health. By integrating emotional awareness with cognitive reasoning, decision-makers can achieve a more balanced and impactful approach to problem-solving. The findings advocate for the inclusion of EI development in educational curricula and leadership training programs to prepare individuals for complex, emotionally charged decision environments.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Muhammad Awais, Dr.Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq, Syed Ijaz Ahmed Gillani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Instructional Model for Enhancing Personalized Learning in the Classroom
In this research, I address the question of whether an instructional model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help provide more individual learning experiences in an engaging English classroom context among the learners in the ninth grade. A quantitative type of research using a sample size of 30 students was performed through pre- and post-intervening surveys, engagement and performance monitoring. The main aims were presenting the effectiveness of AI in providing personalized content provision, measuring its influence on the student engagement and performance, the interaction of a teacher with the system, and revealing the distinctions based on gender in terms of system acceptance and effectiveness. The results indicated that the AI instruction model contributed to significant increases in the personalized learning results. The level of engagement, educational performance, and the interaction with the AI system proved to be higher in case of male students and lower in case of female students. It was discovered that teacher participation was an important key to the effective implementation of the AI tool and the greater the interaction of a teacher with students, the better are the results of the learning. These findings are indicative of the fact that gender relations, as well as an active teacher intervening process, are critical factors in the process of AI-guided instruction optimization. On the basis of those results, it is suggested that schools should utilize AI based models in facilitating personal learning, as well as well-planned teacher education and gender-sensitive interaction patterns. The research is an addition to the existing evidence of the usefulness of AI in the educational environment and the criticality of the inclusive practices approach that would help realize the potential value of AI to its maximum. To further elaborate, future studies ought to consider these findings beyond the short-term effects, different subjects, and large classes of students with the intention of comprehending how such AI-based learning interventions are scalable and sustainable.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Dr. Muhammad Waris Ali, Prof, Dr. Tunku Badariah Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0